Model Trains Glossary

Analogue control is the original method of running model trains. A controller (transformer) varies the DC voltage sent to the track. Higher voltage makes the train go faster; lower voltage slows it down. All locomotives on the same power district move proportionally together. Analogue is simpler than DCC and is the system included in most starter sets.

Analogue is the better starting point. Starter sets invariably use analogue control and it is the most straightforward way to learn the hobby. DCC adds significant capability but requires more setup and a larger initial investment. Upgrade to DCC when you want to run multiple trains independently.

Bachmann is a model railway manufacturer producing trains in OO, HO and N scales. Their Branchline OO range covers British prototype locomotives and rolling stock at a well-regarded quality level. Bachmann also produces the Thomas and Friends model railway range which is popular with younger enthusiasts.

Bachmann's current Branchline OO range is widely regarded as a solid mid-range option. Running qualities are good and the range of British steam, diesel and multiple-unit subjects is broad. The Thomas and Friends range is purpose-built for play and works well as a child's first introduction to model railways.

DCC stands for Digital Command Control. Each locomotive has a small electronic decoder installed with a unique address. A DCC controller sends digital signals down the track and only the decoder with the matching address responds. This allows multiple trains to run on the same track independently at their own speed and direction.

No. Analogue (DC) control is used by a large number of hobbyists and is perfectly capable for running trains. Analogue controllers vary voltage on the track to control train speed. DCC is the preferred upgrade for layouts where running multiple independent trains is important.

A DCC decoder is an electronic module installed inside a model locomotive. It has a unique address that identifies it to the DCC controller. When the controller sends a command for that address, only that decoder responds, allowing the locomotive to run and adjust speed independently of other locomotives on the same track.

Installation depends on the locomotive. Many modern locomotives include a DCC-ready socket (usually an 8-pin or 21-pin connector) that accepts a plug-in decoder directly. Older analogue locomotives require the existing circuit board to be replaced with a decoder. If unsure, consult the locomotive's manual or ask a hobby retailer.

HO scale runs at a 1/87 ratio, meaning models are 87 times smaller than the real prototype. The track gauge (distance between rails) is 16.5 mm. HO is the most popular model railway scale globally, with the widest selection of locomotives, carriages, wagons, scenery and accessories from brands including Hornby, Fleischmann, Roco and Kato.

HO is generally the most recommended starting scale for adults. It has the widest product range, making it easy to find locomotives, rolling stock and accessories in any prototype era. The physical size is practical for most home layouts. Many starter sets at HO scale provide everything needed to begin running trains immediately.

Hornby is a British model railway brand tracing its origins to the early twentieth century. They produce OO scale locomotives, carriages, wagons, track, controllers and scenic accessories representing British prototype railways. Hornby sets are stocked at Hobbyco and are a popular starting point for British-prototype model railway enthusiasts in Australia.

Hornby's current range is well regarded for detail, smooth running and prototype accuracy. Their starter sets include everything needed to get running and are a practical first purchase. Hornby also produces a wide range of expansion track, rolling stock and scenic accessories.

Kato is a Japanese model railway manufacturer known for smooth-running, precisely engineered locomotives and rolling stock at HO and N scale. Their Unitrack system uses a clip-together roadbed track that is easy to assemble and reconfigure. Kato models of Japanese Shinkansen, steam engines and European prototypes are particularly well regarded.

Kato Unitrack can be connected to standard Roco or Fleischmann track using adaptors. Kato N scale rolling stock uses standard NMRA-compatible couplers and is broadly compatible with other N scale brands. DCC compatibility varies by specific model. Check the product page for decoder compatibility information.

A model railway is a miniature representation of a railway system. It combines model locomotives, carriages, wagons, track and scenery on a layout board. Hobbyists build and operate model railways for the pleasure of watching trains run, recreating real-world railway scenes or building creative fictional settings.

Yes. The easiest way to get started is with a starter set that includes a locomotive, rolling stock, an oval of track and a controller. Brands such as Hornby (OO scale) and Kato (N and HO scale) produce well-regarded starter sets with everything you need in one box.

N scale runs at 1/160 ratio with a 9 mm track gauge, roughly half the physical size of HO. The smaller footprint allows for more extensive layouts in the same space and more realistic scenic distances. N scale is the dominant scale in Japan and has a strong following globally. Kato and Minitrix are leading N scale brands.

N scale requires more care because parts, track and wiring components are smaller. For modellers who prioritise large scenic layouts in a limited space, N scale is worth the extra care needed. For those who prefer easier handling and a wider product range, HO remains more practical.

OO scale is the dominant model railway scale in the United Kingdom. Models are built at 1/76 ratio but run on the same 16.5 mm track as HO scale. This slight discrepancy from true OO gauge exists for historical manufacturing reasons. OO scale is primarily supported by British manufacturers Hornby and Bachmann and covers British prototype railway subjects.

Both OO and HO use the same 16.5 mm track gauge and can physically run on the same track. However OO scale models are slightly larger (1/76 ratio versus HO's 1/87 ratio). OO covers British prototype railways. HO covers European, American and other international prototypes. They are not interchangeable as display models but are compatible on the same track layout.

Rolling stock is the broad term for all vehicles that move on railway track. In model railways it covers locomotives (steam, diesel, electric), passenger coaches, freight wagons, tankers, flatcars and specialist vehicles such as cranes. Adding more rolling stock is one of the most common ways to expand a model railway collection.

Match your rolling stock to the era, region and railway company you are modelling. For a British BR-era layout, choose Hornby or Bachmann OO rolling stock from the appropriate decade. For a Japanese layout, Kato N or HO stock is the right choice. Running stock from incompatible eras or countries breaks the visual consistency of the layout.

A model railway starter set typically includes a locomotive, two or three carriages or wagons, a complete oval of track and an analogue controller and power supply. Everything in the box connects together to create a running layout immediately. No tools are required. Most sets are expandable with additional track and rolling stock over time.

For children, choose a starter set featuring a recognisable subject such as steam engines or a character-themed train. For adults, consider which prototype (British, European or Japanese trains) interests you most before selecting a brand. Hornby OO starter sets suit British prototype fans. Kato N or HO sets suit Japanese prototype fans.

Scenery encompasses all the visual elements added to a layout beyond the track and trains. It includes ground texture, vegetation (trees, hedges, grass), terrain shaping (hills, cuttings), buildings and structures and water effects. Good scenery transforms a track oval into a believable miniature world.

Begin with the ground base: apply terrain contours using expanded foam or plaster cloth, then colour and texture with scenic materials. Static grass applied with an applicator creates convincing grass coverage quickly. Pre-made trees and building kits are available from brands such as Woodland Scenics and speed up scene dressing significantly.